Kerala is grappling with a health scare as 19 deaths have been reported from infection by the so-called “brain-eating amoeba” (Naegleria fowleri). While rare, this microscopic organism can cause a life-threatening brain infection. Understanding how it spreads and how to protect yourself is crucial.
What Is the “Brain-Eating Amoeba”?
Scientific name: Naegleria fowleri
A free-living amoeba found in warm fresh water and soil
Causes Primary Amoebic Meningoencephalitis (PAM) — a severe infection of the brain
How It Spreads
Entry Point: It infects people when contaminated water enters the nose (not by drinking).
Typical Sources: Warm freshwater lakes, ponds, poorly chlorinated swimming pools, untreated tap water used for nasal rinsing.
Not Spread Person-to-Person: The amoeba does not spread by casual contact or by drinking contaminated water.
Symptoms to Watch For (Usually Within 1–12 Days of Exposure)
Severe headache
Fever and nausea
Stiff neck
Confusion, loss of balance
Seizures and hallucinations
Because the disease progresses rapidly, early medical attention is critical.
How to Stay Safe
Avoid Warm Freshwater Exposure to Nose: Use nose clips or keep your head above water when swimming in lakes or ponds.
Ensure Proper Chlorination: Only swim in properly maintained and chlorinated pools.
Use Sterile or Boiled Water for Nasal Rinses: Especially for neti pots or religious ablutions.
Avoid Stirring Up Sediment: When swimming or wading in shallow warm freshwater.
Seek Immediate Care: If you develop symptoms after freshwater exposure.
Treatment Outlook
Treatment is challenging and most cases are fatal, but early diagnosis and aggressive therapy with specific drugs (like amphotericin B, miltefosine) can improve survival chances.
Conclusion
While the “brain-eating amoeba” infection is rare, its high fatality rate makes awareness and prevention critical. By taking simple precautions around freshwater sources and seeking prompt medical care for symptoms, the risk can be drastically reduced.
FAQ Section
Q1. Can the ‘brain-eating amoeba’ spread through drinking water?
No. Infection occurs only when contaminated water enters the nose.
Q2. Is it contagious between people?
No, it does not spread person-to-person.
Q3. Where is the amoeba found?
Warm freshwater lakes, rivers, hot springs, poorly maintained pools, and untreated tap water used for nasal rinses.
Q4. How common is infection?
Very rare but usually fatal. Awareness and prevention are key.
Q5. How can I protect myself?
Use boiled/sterile water for nasal use, avoid swimming in untreated warm freshwater, and ensure pools are properly chlorinated.
Published on : 17th September
Published by : SMITA
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