‘If you experience difficulty swallowing…’: Gastroenterologist cautions that chronic heartburn could increase the risk of oesophageal cancer
Chronic heartburn is often dismissed as a routine discomfort after a heavy meal, but gastroenterologists caution that ignoring persistent symptoms can have serious long-term consequences. According to specialists, ongoing acid reflux, medically known as Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD), can cause repeated inflammation in the oesophagus — a factor linked to an increased risk of oesophageal cancer.
A leading gastroenterologist explains that the early signs often go unnoticed because many individuals rely on home remedies or over-the-counter antacids for temporary relief. However, when symptoms such as difficulty swallowing, a sensation of food getting stuck, chronic throat irritation, or unexplained chest discomfort begin to appear, medical evaluation becomes crucial.
One of the key mechanisms behind the risk is the prolonged exposure of the oesophageal lining to stomach acid. Over time, this can lead to Barrett’s oesophagus, a condition in which the tissue undergoes precancerous changes. Experts highlight that while not every case of GERD progresses to cancer, unmanaged or long-standing reflux significantly raises the chances.
The gastroenterologist further notes that difficulty swallowing — medically termed dysphagia — is considered a red flag. Patients often report that solid foods are harder to swallow, accompanied by pain or a burning sensation. Such symptoms can indicate narrowing of the oesophagus or deeper underlying complications, necessitating prompt endoscopic evaluation.
Lifestyle factors also play a major role in amplifying the risks. Frequent consumption of spicy or oily food, smoking, alcohol intake, obesity, late-night meals, and lying down immediately after eating are all known triggers for chronic reflux. In India, rising cases have been linked to increasingly sedentary lifestyles and dietary habits that favour processed or high-fat foods.
Treatment usually begins with medication such as proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), which help reduce acid levels. However, relying solely on medication without addressing lifestyle triggers limits long-term effectiveness. Specialists recommend weight management, elevating the head while sleeping, reducing caffeine and carbonated drinks, and eating smaller, more frequent meals.
Early detection remains the strongest safeguard. Gastroenterologists emphasise that an endoscopy can help identify tissue changes long before cancer develops. Regular check-ups are especially recommended for individuals above 40, those with obesity, smokers, or those who experience reflux more than twice a week.
As awareness grows, medical professionals hope that more people will treat chronic heartburn as a condition requiring structured care rather than casual remedies. The message from experts is clear: persistent symptoms — especially difficulty swallowing — should never be ignored.
FAQ
1. Can chronic heartburn really lead to oesophageal cancer?
Yes. Persistent acid reflux can damage the oesophageal lining and may lead to Barrett’s oesophagus, a known precancerous condition.
2. What symptoms should prompt immediate medical attention?
Difficulty swallowing, chronic chest burning, persistent cough, hoarseness, and the feeling of food getting stuck are red flags.
3. How is oesophageal cancer diagnosed early?
Endoscopy is the most effective method to detect early tissue changes before cancer develops.
4. Are lifestyle changes enough to prevent complications from GERD?
Lifestyle changes significantly reduce symptoms but may need to be combined with medication for effective long-term control.
5. Does taking antacids frequently pose risks?
Overusing antacids without medical supervision may mask serious issues and delay proper diagnosis.
Published on : 26th November
Published by : Selvi
Credit::Lifestyle Desk
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