India recorded the second-highest number of chronic kidney disease (CKD) cases in the world in 2023, according to a new global study that highlights the growing burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in developing nations.
The report, published as part of the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2023 study, has raised serious health concerns, calling for greater awareness, early detection, and lifestyle-based prevention to combat kidney-related illnesses.
India’s CKD Burden Among the World’s Highest
The study estimated that millions of Indians are currently living with chronic kidney disease — a progressive condition that affects the kidneys’ ability to filter waste and fluids from the blood.
Globally, over 800 million people are affected by CKD, making it one of the top ten causes of death worldwide. India’s burden ranks second only to China, largely due to high rates of diabetes, hypertension, and late diagnosis.
Key Findings from the Study
India accounted for a significant share of global CKD cases in 2023.
The prevalence was notably higher among adults aged 30–65 years.
Diabetes (Type 2) and uncontrolled hypertension remain the two primary causes of kidney damage.
CKD was found to contribute to nearly 1 in 20 deaths in India.
Late detection leads to expensive dialysis or transplant treatments, placing heavy financial strain on families.
Why CKD Is a Silent Epidemic
Chronic kidney disease often develops slowly and without noticeable symptoms in its early stages.
By the time patients experience visible signs — such as swelling, fatigue, or reduced urine output — more than 70% of kidney function may already be lost.
Medical experts call CKD a “silent killer,” emphasizing the need for routine health screenings and public education campaigns to detect risks early.
Experts Warn of a Looming Public Health Crisis
Healthcare specialists warn that if preventive measures are not implemented soon, India may see a sharp rise in end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) cases in the coming decade.
“India’s healthcare system must prioritize early screening and community-level intervention. The cost of dialysis and transplantation is unaffordable for most households,” said a nephrologist involved in the study’s review.
Experts also highlighted the economic impact, as CKD primarily affects the working-age population, leading to productivity loss and long-term treatment costs.
Common Risk Factors for CKD in India
Diabetes and High Blood Pressure (most common causes)
Obesity and poor diet high in salt or processed food
Sedentary lifestyle and smoking
Overuse of painkillers (NSAIDs)
Inadequate water intake
Untreated urinary tract infections or kidney stones
Government Initiatives and the Way Forward
India has taken several steps under the National Programme for Prevention and Control of Cancer, Diabetes, Cardiovascular Diseases and Stroke (NPCDCS) to integrate kidney health into public awareness campaigns.
However, experts recommend:
Including CKD screening in routine health check-ups.
Expanding Ayushman Bharat coverage for dialysis and transplants.
Promoting community-level awareness in rural areas.
Training primary care physicians to identify early signs of CKD.
How to Protect Your Kidneys
Monitor blood sugar and blood pressure regularly.
Stay hydrated (drink at least 2–3 liters of water daily).
Eat a balanced, low-sodium diet.
Avoid self-medication and painkillers.
Get an annual kidney function test if you have diabetes or hypertension.
Conclusion
India’s ranking as the world’s second-largest contributor to CKD cases is a wake-up call for both policymakers and the public.
Prevention through lifestyle changes, regular checkups, and awareness is the most effective way to combat this growing crisis.
As experts warn, unless immediate steps are taken, chronic kidney disease could become India’s next major public health emergency.
FAQs:
Q1. What did the 2023 global study say about India’s kidney disease cases?
It found that India had the second-highest number of CKD cases globally, after China, highlighting a major public health concern.
Q2. What are the leading causes of chronic kidney disease in India?
The primary causes are diabetes, high blood pressure, and late diagnosis, followed by obesity and poor dietary habits.
Q3. How many Indians are affected by CKD?
While exact numbers vary, the study estimated that tens of millions are living with some form of kidney disease, with many cases undiagnosed.
Q4. Can CKD be prevented?
Yes. Early screening, controlling blood sugar and pressure, maintaining a healthy diet, and avoiding overuse of painkillers can prevent most CKD cases.
Q5. What are early warning signs of kidney disease?
Fatigue, frequent urination, swelling in feet or face, changes in urine color, and loss of appetite — though early stages often show no symptoms.
Published on : 8th November
Published by : SMITA
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Source Credit :This article is based on a report from the Press Trust of India (PTI).