Introduction
Thanjavur (also spelled Tanjore) was the heart of the Chola Empire, serving as its capital during the height of its power from the 9th to the 13th centuries CE. It was not just a political and administrative hub—it was also a vibrant cultural, religious, educational, and architectural center that showcased the grandeur of Chola rule. From majestic temples to flourishing schools and bustling trade, Thanjavur was truly the jewel of South India.
Historical Significance
Under kings like Rajaraja Chola I and Rajendra Chola I, Thanjavur flourished as:
The seat of royal power, where key decisions on administration and conquest were made.
A center of Dravidian temple architecture, highlighted by the iconic Brihadeeswarar Temple.
A melting pot of art, dance, music, and literature, supported by royal patronage.
Brihadeeswarar Temple – A UNESCO Marvel
Commissioned by Rajaraja Chola I in the 11th century, this temple is a:
Masterpiece of Chola engineering and architecture
Symbol of imperial grandeur, built using over 130,000 tons of granite
House of knowledge, featuring inscriptions on education, tax, land grants, and temple management
Thanjavur’s Role in Education and Culture
Thanjavur boasted:
Salais (temple schools) and libraries attached to temples like Brihadeeswarar
Poets and scholars composing epic works in Tamil and Sanskrit
Artistic traditions that inspired later forms like Thanjavur painting and Bharatanatyam
Legacy of Thanjavur
Even after the decline of the Cholas, Thanjavur remained a major cultural capital under later dynasties. Today, it stands as:
A UNESCO World Heritage Site
A thriving center for Carnatic music, temple art, and heritage conservation
A powerful reminder of Tamil Nadu’s rich history and Chola brilliance
FAQs:
Q1: Why was Thanjavur chosen as the capital of the Chola Empire?
A: Thanjavur was strategically located near the fertile Cauvery Delta, making it ideal for agriculture, trade, and administration.
Q2: What is Thanjavur famous for?
A: It's famous for the Brihadeeswarar Temple, Chola-era art, architecture, and classical music traditions.
Q3: Is Thanjavur still significant today?
A: Yes, it is a major cultural and historical city in Tamil Nadu and a key heritage tourism destination.
Publisher : Kaushik
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